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Windows administrator interview questions and answers

AD Q&A L1 2020

Windows interview questions and answers

PART-1- Windows AD

what is Active Directory?
what are the new features in Active Directory (AD) of Windows server 2012?
Explain what is SYSVOL?
what is the difference between domain admin groups and enterprise admins group in AD?
what system state data contains?
what is Kerberos?
Explain where does the AD database is held? What other folders are related to AD?
what is TOMBSTONE lifetime?

Windows server 2012 features list

Windows server 2012 features List

1) IIS8

2) Powershell 3.0

3) Dynamic Direct Access

4) Server Message Block ( SMB 3.0 )

5) Hyper V 3.0

6) NTFS 4.1

7) iscsi

8) Hyper V-Replica

9) Deduplication

10) Cluster Shared Volumes 

11) Improved to VDI & RDP (VDI - Virtual Desktop Infrastructure ) 

Microsoft announces four Windows Server 2012 editions

For years, as Microsoft has released new versions of Windows Server, the world has waited with anticipation while Redmond attempted to figure out the exact mix of editions that it would sell to various customer segments. This fragmentation of the Windows Server line has been the butt of jokes and the stuff of confusion as customers attempted to make the best possible economic decision for their organizations while, at the same time, making sure that their needs would be met with whatever edition was selected.

Microsoft announces four Windows Server 2012 editions

This week, Microsoft announced that Windows Server 2012 would be released in just four editions — Datacenter, Standard, Essentials, and Foundation. Note that the previously popular Enterprise edition is one of the editions that didn’t make the 2012 cut.

Each edition brings something different to the table and it’s going to be easier than ever for organizations to pick the best edition to suit its needs. Here’s a look at the four editions:

Edition	Intent	Major feature	Licensing	Clients	List price
Datacenter	Highly virtualized environments	Unlimited virtual instance rights	Processor x 2	Per CAL	$4,809 per 2 procs
Standard	Little virtualization, low density	Two virtual instances	Processor x 2	Per CAL	$882 per 2 procs
Essentials	Small business	Simple administration, no virtualization rights	Per Server	25 accounts	$425
Foundation	Entry level, economy server	General purpose server, no virtualization rights	Per Server	15 accounts	OEM only

It’s important to note that, for the Standard and Datacenter editions, the pricing is based on per two processors, not per processor. Since most servers today are dual processor servers, this licensing strategy makes sense. However, if you do decide to buy single processor servers, understand that you can’t split licenses between servers. You will need to buy two of the dual processor licenses.

On the flip side, if you have an eight processor server, you will need to buy four of the dual processor licenses to cover all eight processors.

You might note that there are no major feature columns listed as there were in older versions of Windows Server. For example, in the past, if you wanted failover clustering, you needed to go with either the Enterprise or Data Center editions of Windows Server. With Windows Server, the only difference between Standard and Datacenter revolves around virtualization rights. Otherwise, both editions have the same exact feature sets and include:

• Windows Server Failover Clustering
• BranchCache Hosted Cache Server
• Active Directory Federated Services
• Additional Active Directory Certificate Services capabilities
• Distributed File Services (support for more than 1 DFS root)
• DFS-R Cross-File Replication

Note that you still need to obtain separate licenses to take advantage of Remote Desktop Services (RDS) and Active Directory Rights Management Service (ADRMS).

You should also take note that there are no more hardware limitation differences between Standard and Datacenter. Standard is no longer limited to 32 GB of RAM, nor is it limited to 4 CPUs. Of course, if you go beyond 2 CPUs, you will need to buy additional processor licenses.

Upgrade license trade in

If you’re a Software Assurance subscriber, and you’re planning to upgrade your licenses to Windows Server 2012, you have a number of items to take into consideration. Further, if you’re concerned that you’re now running an edition of Windows Server 2008 R2 or below that no longer has a corresponding edition in Windows Server 2012, don’t worry. Microsoft has made the following entitlements available in Windows Server 2012.

Old edition	2012 Edition	Information and License Disposition	SA req’d?
Datacenter	Datacenter	Convert every two 2008 R2 DC licenses into one dual processor 2012 license.	Yes
Enterprise	Standard	Replaced by Standard with all former Enterprise features now included in Standard.  You can convert each existing 2008 R2 Enterprise license into two 2012 Standard licenses.	Yes
Standard	Standard	Convert each 2008 R2 Standard license into one 2012 Standard licenses	Yes
Web (no SA)	See notes	No direct replacement, but web workloads running on any Windows Server 2012 edition receive a “CAL waiver.”	No
Web (SA)	Standard	Those with SA are entitled to receive a Standard Edition replacement and can still run the existing workloads on the 2008 Web server.	Yes
HPC editions	Standard	No direct replacement, but Microsoft will be making freely available the HPC Pack 2012 that works with Standard or Datacenter, HPC workloads also receive a “CAL waiver.”  Existing HPC edition users will also receive a Windows Server 2012 Standard license.	Yes
Small Business Server 2011 Essentials	Essentials	Small Business Server has been fully discontinued.  You will receive one Windows Server 2012 Essentials license.	Yes
Small Business Server 2011 Standard	Standard + Exchange	Small Business Server has been fully discontinued.  You will receive one Windows Server 2012 Standard edition license and one Exchange Server Standard 2010 license.	Yes
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Premium Add-on	Standard + SQL Server	Small Business Server has been fully discontinued. You will receive one Windows Server 2012 Standard edition license and one SQL Server 2012 Standard edition license	Yes

Summary

Once the transition to Windows Server 2012 is complete, organizations will be able to simplify their Windows edition strategy in favor of far fewer options. Personally, I believe that Microsoft has taken a great step forward by simplifying their editions structures and that they are being relatively generous with regard to the opportunity for organizations to move away from now-discontinued editions to current ones.

How to Install Windows Server 2012

1. Download Windows Server 2012 -
2. Follow Step-By-Step Instructions to configure BIOS -
3. Press ENTER to boot from DVD.

Files will start loading.

4. Take the defaults on the Language screen, and click Next.

5. Click Install now on the install screen.

6. Click the second line item for the GUI. The default install is now Server Core. Then click Next.

7. Read License Agreement, Turn on Checkbox “I accept the license terms,” and then click Next.

8. Click Custom: Install Windows only (Advanced).

9. The disk you are using should be listed. If not, you will need to Load driver. Select the disk you will be installing on. If you do not want to change drive options (optional), Click Next. If you want to use Dual boot using Native Boot To VHD (Boot2VHD), see below:

10. [Optional:] Click drive options; then you can create custom partitions.

11. [Optional:] Add a drive using Native Boot To Vhd: SHIFT-F10 to open a command prompt window; Find installation drive (dir c:, dir d:, dir e:, etc). Diskpart to open the Disk Partition Utility (the first four lines below are all the same command and must run on the same line, separated here to make it easier to read).Create vdisk file=e:\BootDemo.vhd type=expandable maximum=40000. Attach disk. Exit. Then Refresh.



12. It will then start copying files. This will take a while (could be 20 mins or so depending on hardware performance).It will reboot a couple times (automatically). After the first reboot, it will no longer be running off of the DVD.

13. In the Password box, enter a new password for this computer. It must meet complexity requirements. Re-enter the password in the second password box, and then click Finish.

14. Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete at the same time to get the login screen

15. Enter password and press enter.

The Desktop will be displayed and Server Manager will be opened automatically.

16. Pressing Windows Key on the keyboard will bring up the start screen (formerly known as Start Menu). If you Right-Click on Computer, you will see the new right-click menu is on the bottom of the screen instead of in a dropdown box. Select Properties.

17. You will see that the System Properties screen looks almost identical to prior versions of windows. We can now change the computer name by clicking on Change Settings.

18. Type new computer name you would like to use and click OK.

19. Click OK on the information box. Click OK to allow a restart.

20. Then click Restart Now on the final dialog box.

21. When the computer restarts it will have the new name, just login.